{ "slug": "backblaze-2022-2025-model-history", "title": "Backblaze hard drive models, yearly AFR and exposure, 2022 to 2025", "kind": "dataset", "summary": "Yearly drive days, failures and annualized failure rate with exact 95% Poisson intervals for the 22 Backblaze hard-drive models that had at least 100,000 drive days in every year from 2022 to 2025, computed from the raw daily Drive Stats files (sixteen quarterly zips). Sample: 88 model-years. Some models stay flat, such as the Toshiba MG07ACA14TA at 1.01% to 1.15%, while others move a lot: HGST HUH721212ALN604 went from 0.74% in 2022 to 5.64% in 2024, and Toshiba MG08ACA16TEY from 1.58% in 2024 to 6.30% in 2025. One fleet, and the file does not show why a rate moved.", "license": "Derivative table computed from the Backblaze Drive Stats daily files for 2022 to 2025. Cite Backblaze if you use it. You are solely responsible for how you use it. Backblaze's dataset page allows sale of derivative works and forbids selling the Drive Stats data itself. This CSV is a 88-row aggregate, not the daily SMART archive, and that archive is not for sale.", "licenseUrl": "https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data", "sourceUrl": "https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data", "accessed": "2026-10-10", "rowCount": 88, "columns": [ { "name": "model", "type": "string", "description": "Model string exactly as in the Backblaze daily files." }, { "name": "capacity_tb", "type": "integer", "description": "Nominal capacity in terabytes, round(capacity_bytes / 1e12)." }, { "name": "year", "type": "integer", "description": "Calendar year, 2022 to 2025 (all four quarterly files of the year)." }, { "name": "drive_days", "type": "integer", "description": "Daily rows (drive days) of the model in the year. This is the exposure." }, { "name": "drives_dec31", "type": "integer", "description": "Rows of the model in the last daily file of Q4 of that year (drives present on December 31)." }, { "name": "failures", "type": "integer", "description": "Rows with failure = 1 in the year." }, { "name": "afr_percent", "type": "number", "description": "failures / drive_days * 365 * 100, two decimals. Computed here, with 365 days in every year." }, { "name": "afr_low95", "type": "number", "description": "Lower bound of the exact two-sided 95% Poisson (Garwood) interval, in percent." }, { "name": "afr_high95", "type": "number", "description": "Upper bound of the same interval, in percent." } ], "downloadPath": "/data/datasets/backblaze-2022-2025-model-history.csv", "chartPath": "/data/datasets/backblaze-2022-2025-model-history.svg", "citations": [ { "id": "bb-data-Q12022", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q1_2022.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q1_2022.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q22022", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q2_2022.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q2_2022.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q32022", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q3_2022.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q3_2022.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q42022", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q4_2022.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q4_2022.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q12023", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q1_2023.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q1_2023.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q22023", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q2_2023.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q2_2023.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q32023", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q3_2023.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q3_2023.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q42023", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q4_2023.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q4_2023.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q12024", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q1_2024.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q1_2024.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q22024", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q2_2024.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q2_2024.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q32024", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q3_2024.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q3_2024.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q42024", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q4_2024.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q4_2024.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q12025", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q1_2025.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q1_2025.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q22025", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q2_2025.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q2_2025.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q32025", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q3_2025.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q3_2025.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q42025", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q4_2025.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q4_2025.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-terms", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data page and use terms", "url": "https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-2025", "title": "Backblaze Drive Stats for 2025 (published annual table: 115,638,676 drive days, 4,317 failures, 1.36%)", "url": "https://www.backblaze.com/blog/backblaze-drive-stats-for-2025/", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "garwood", "title": "Garwood, F. (1936). Fiducial limits for the Poisson distribution. Biometrika 28(3-4), 437-442", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/28.3-4.437", "accessed": "2026-10-11" } ] }