{ "slug": "backblaze-2022-2025-model-turnover", "title": "Backblaze hard drive models added and retired, 2022 to 2025", "kind": "dataset", "summary": "Which hard-drive models Backblaze added or retired between January 1, 2022 and December 31, 2025, from the raw daily Drive Stats files (sixteen quarterly zips). Sample: all 66 model strings of drives of 3 TB or more, 388,670,883 drive days and 16,051 failures, with drives on December 31 of each year, exposure, failures and the 2022 to 2025 AFR with exact 95% Poisson intervals per model. Models added after 2022 Q1 held 79,349 of the 334,844 drives on December 31, 2025. One fleet, and model strings are used as they appear in the files.", "license": "Derivative table computed from the Backblaze Drive Stats daily files for 2022 to 2025. Cite Backblaze if you use it. You are solely responsible for how you use it. Backblaze's dataset page allows sale of derivative works and forbids selling the Drive Stats data itself. This CSV is a 66-row aggregate, not the daily SMART archive, and that archive is not for sale.", "licenseUrl": "https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data", "sourceUrl": "https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data", "accessed": "2026-10-10", "rowCount": 66, "columns": [ { "name": "model", "type": "string", "description": "Model string exactly as in the Backblaze daily files. Strings that differ only in spacing, such as \"WDC WUH721414ALE6L4\" with two spaces, are separate rows." }, { "name": "capacity_tb", "type": "integer", "description": "Nominal capacity in terabytes, round(capacity_bytes / 1e12)." }, { "name": "status", "type": "string", "description": "continuous: seen in 2022 Q1 and in 2025 Q4. added: first seen after 2022 Q1 and still there in 2025 Q4. retired: seen in 2022 Q1 and not in 2025 Q4. added and retired: neither." }, { "name": "first_quarter", "type": "string", "description": "First of the 16 quarters (2022 Q1 to 2025 Q4) in which the model has any drive day." }, { "name": "last_quarter", "type": "string", "description": "Last of the 16 quarters in which the model has any drive day." }, { "name": "quarters_present", "type": "integer", "description": "Number of the 16 quarters with any drive day." }, { "name": "drives_end_2022", "type": "integer", "description": "Rows of the model in the last daily file of Q4 2022, that is drives present on December 31, 2022." }, { "name": "drives_end_2023", "type": "integer", "description": "Same for December 31, 2023." }, { "name": "drives_end_2024", "type": "integer", "description": "Same for December 31, 2024." }, { "name": "drives_end_2025", "type": "integer", "description": "Same for December 31, 2025." }, { "name": "drive_days", "type": "integer", "description": "Daily rows of the model from 2022-01-01 to 2025-12-31. This is the exposure." }, { "name": "failures", "type": "integer", "description": "Rows with failure = 1 in the window." }, { "name": "afr_percent", "type": "number", "description": "failures / drive_days * 365 * 100, two decimals, over the whole window. Computed here." }, { "name": "afr_low95", "type": "number", "description": "Lower bound of the exact two-sided 95% Poisson (Garwood) interval, in percent." }, { "name": "afr_high95", "type": "number", "description": "Upper bound of the same interval, in percent." } ], "downloadPath": "/data/datasets/backblaze-2022-2025-model-turnover.csv", "chartPath": "/data/datasets/backblaze-2022-2025-model-turnover.svg", "citations": [ { "id": "bb-data-Q12022", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q1_2022.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q1_2022.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q22022", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q2_2022.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q2_2022.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q32022", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q3_2022.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q3_2022.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q42022", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q4_2022.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q4_2022.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q12023", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q1_2023.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q1_2023.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q22023", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q2_2023.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q2_2023.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q32023", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q3_2023.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q3_2023.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q42023", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q4_2023.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q4_2023.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q12024", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q1_2024.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q1_2024.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q22024", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q2_2024.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q2_2024.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q32024", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q3_2024.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q3_2024.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q42024", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q4_2024.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q4_2024.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q12025", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q1_2025.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q1_2025.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q22025", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q2_2025.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q2_2025.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q32025", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q3_2025.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q3_2025.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-data-Q42025", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data, data_Q4_2025.zip (daily CSV files)", "url": "https://f001.backblazeb2.com/file/Backblaze-Hard-Drive-Data/data_Q4_2025.zip", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-terms", "title": "Backblaze Hard Drive Test Data page and use terms", "url": "https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "bb-2025", "title": "Backblaze Drive Stats for 2025 (published annual table: 115,638,676 drive days, 4,317 failures, 1.36%)", "url": "https://www.backblaze.com/blog/backblaze-drive-stats-for-2025/", "accessed": "2026-10-11" }, { "id": "garwood", "title": "Garwood, F. (1936). Fiducial limits for the Poisson distribution. Biometrika 28(3-4), 437-442", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/28.3-4.437", "accessed": "2026-10-11" } ] }