{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "evidenceType": "synthetic-byte-state-example",
  "reviewed": "2026-10-14",
  "units": {
    "offset": "bytes",
    "textEncoding": "ASCII; one byte per character"
  },
  "assumptions": "One nonempty in-place overwrite, fixed file length, no concurrent writes.",
  "limits": "Evaluates supplied states, not device guarantees. No I/O, crash experiment, durability test or reproduction of FAST 2013.",
  "sourceUrls": [
    "https://www.sqlite.org/psow.html",
    "https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html"
  ],
  "humanPage": "https://hesela.com/analyses/linux-atomic-writes-durability/#powersafe-overwrite",
  "codeUrl": "https://hesela.dev/research/powersafe-overwrite.mjs",
  "testsUrl": "https://hesela.dev/research/powersafe-overwrite.test.mjs",
  "codeSha256": "f3bcc5904799367c28e82635a55d6fcb43f0181b1259c8256807796677a6459e",
  "rows": [
    {
      "id": "old-intact",
      "before": "ab1234yz",
      "replacement": "WXYZ",
      "offset": 2,
      "recovered": "ab1234yz",
      "matchesOld": true,
      "matchesNew": false,
      "inRangeAllowed": true,
      "outsideUnchanged": true
    },
    {
      "id": "new-intact",
      "before": "ab1234yz",
      "replacement": "WXYZ",
      "offset": 2,
      "recovered": "abWXYZyz",
      "matchesOld": false,
      "matchesNew": true,
      "inRangeAllowed": true,
      "outsideUnchanged": true
    },
    {
      "id": "mixed-intact",
      "before": "ab1234yz",
      "replacement": "WXYZ",
      "offset": 2,
      "recovered": "abWX34yz",
      "matchesOld": false,
      "matchesNew": false,
      "inRangeAllowed": false,
      "outsideUnchanged": true
    },
    {
      "id": "new-neighbor-damaged",
      "before": "ab1234yz",
      "replacement": "WXYZ",
      "offset": 2,
      "recovered": "qbWXYZyz",
      "matchesOld": false,
      "matchesNew": true,
      "inRangeAllowed": true,
      "outsideUnchanged": false
    },
    {
      "id": "mixed-neighbor-damaged",
      "before": "ab1234yz",
      "replacement": "WXYZ",
      "offset": 2,
      "recovered": "qbWX34yz",
      "matchesOld": false,
      "matchesNew": false,
      "inRangeAllowed": false,
      "outsideUnchanged": false
    }
  ]
}