{
  "status": "shipping",
  "advantages": [],
  "limitations": [],
  "supersedes": [],
  "supersededBy": [],
  "firstSeen": null,
  "lastSeen": null,
  "updated": "2026-10-16",
  "slug": "ati-refresh",
  "term": "ATI refresh",
  "aliases": [
    "adjacent-track interference refresh",
    "HDD protective refresh"
  ],
  "definition": "ATI refresh is a protective HDD firmware operation that reads and rewrites recorded data to mitigate write-induced adjacent-track interference.",
  "note": "Refresh is internal maintenance, not proof of an application update or a detected host checksum error. WD describes sector-level write accounting in OptiNAND to avoid unnecessary whole-track refreshes. This is a manufacturer architecture description, not a universal performance result. [wd-brief] Do not equate it with SMR band update handling or host data scrubbing. [hesela-ati]",
  "related": [
    "adjacent-track-interference",
    "hdd",
    "cmr",
    "smr",
    "data-scrubbing"
  ],
  "citations": [
    {
      "id": "wd-brief",
      "title": "Western Digital. Reimagining HDDs with OptiNAND Technology, August 2022, printed p. 2.",
      "url": "https://documents.westerndigital.com/content/dam/doc-library/en_us/assets/public/western-digital/collateral/tech-brief/tech-brief-reimagining-hdds-with-optinand-technology.pdf",
      "accessed": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "hesela-ati",
      "title": "CMR is not refresh-free: adjacent-track interference in HDDs",
      "url": "https://hesela.com/analyses/hdd-adjacent-track-interference-refresh/",
      "accessed": "2026-10-16"
    }
  ]
}