{
  "slug": "cause-specific-hazard",
  "term": "Cause-specific hazard",
  "aliases": [],
  "definition": "A cause-specific hazard is the instantaneous rate of one event type among units still free of all modeled first events.",
  "note": "Rate: Its units are inverse time, unlike cumulative incidence. A cause-specific Cox fit can code competing events as censored when removing those units from the risk set. This estimates a rate among event-free units, not lifetime with the competing event eliminated. [andersen-competing]\n\nProbability: The cumulative incidence also depends on the other cause-specific hazards; a separate Kaplan-Meier complement is not its estimator. [therneau-competing] Latent failure-time independence is not needed for these observed-process quantities. Ordinary loss-to-follow-up still requires appropriate censoring assumptions. [andersen-competing]",
  "related": [
    "competing-risks",
    "cumulative-incidence-function",
    "hazard-rate"
  ],
  "citations": [
    {
      "id": "therneau-competing",
      "title": "Therneau, Crowson and Atkinson: Multi-state models and competing risks (12 January 2026), sections 2.1-2.2 and 3",
      "url": "https://stat.ethz.ch/R-manual/R-patched/library/survival/doc/compete.pdf",
      "accessed": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "andersen-competing",
      "title": "Andersen, Geskus, de Witte and Putter (2012): Competing risks in epidemiology: possibilities and pitfalls, DOI 10.1093/ije/dyr213",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3396320/",
      "accessed": "2026-10-16"
    }
  ],
  "status": "shipping",
  "advantages": [],
  "limitations": [],
  "supersedes": [],
  "supersededBy": [],
  "firstSeen": null,
  "lastSeen": null,
  "updated": "2026-10-16"
}