{
  "status": "shipping",
  "advantages": [],
  "limitations": [
    {
      "text": "A raw-NAND pairing map is not exposed by this MTD API as an NVMe logical-block map.",
      "citationIds": [
        "linux"
      ]
    },
    {
      "text": "Interrupted programming of a partner page can corrupt earlier data in the studied MLC devices; this is not a current-fleet failure rate.",
      "citationIds": [
        "tseng"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "supersedes": [],
  "supersededBy": [],
  "firstSeen": null,
  "lastSeen": null,
  "slug": "nand-page-pairing",
  "term": "NAND page pairing",
  "aliases": [
    "Paired pages",
    "Shared pages"
  ],
  "definition": "NAND page pairing is the grouping of pages whose bits occupy the same physical memory cells.",
  "note": "Linux MTD identifies a pair and a group (bit position); its pairing abstraction also accommodates TLC groups of three pages. Device-specific pairing is not a host-LBA adjacency rule.",
  "related": [
    "nand-flash",
    "mlc",
    "ftl",
    "program-interference"
  ],
  "citations": [
    {
      "id": "linux",
      "title": "Linux v6.12, include/linux/mtd/mtd.h: mtd_pairing_info and mtd_pairing_scheme",
      "url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/v6.12/include/linux/mtd/mtd.h",
      "accessed": "2026-10-11"
    },
    {
      "id": "tseng",
      "title": "Tseng, Grupp and Swanson. Understanding the Impact of Power Loss on Flash Memory. DAC 2011, sections 3 and 4.1.2. DOI: 10.1145/2024724.2024733",
      "url": "https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/users/swanson/papers/DAC2011PowerCut.pdf",
      "accessed": "2026-10-11"
    },
    {
      "id": "hesela-pairing",
      "title": "Hesela: NAND paired pages and durability boundaries",
      "url": "https://hesela.com/analyses/nand-paired-pages-durability/",
      "accessed": "2026-10-11"
    }
  ]
}