borg-block-reorganization · research · also BORG, Block-reORGanization

BORG block reorganization

BORG is a research block-layer system that adapts HDD data placement to observed access sequences.

Related Observatory article: BORG block reorganization on hesela.com

A dedicated on-disk target holds selected copies; an indirection map tracks their current location. Its write buffer collects writes. [1]

ALIS instead evaluates heat and repeated-run clustering with trace-driven simulation; its design can keep multiple reorganized copies of a block. [2]

The author project page does not offer a BORG code release and points to EXCES as a reference, not the same implementation. [3]

Relations

related
DiskSeen, Table-based Prefetching (TaP), readahead (Linux syscall), Filesystem defragmentation

Limitations

  • An unstable read working set can make BORG slower; reorganizing blocks also consumes I/O. [1]

Citations

  1. Bhadkamkar et al. BORG: Block-reORGanization for Self-optimizing Storage Systems. FAST 2009, sections 3-6 and 9. (accessed 2026-11-13)
  2. Hsu, Smith and Young. The Automatic Improvement of Locality in Storage Systems. UCB/CSD-03-1264, July 2003, sections 2-4 and 6. (accessed 2026-11-13)
  3. FIU Systems Research Laboratory: BORG project, Code and Traces. (accessed 2026-11-13)
Sources & caveats
  • Historical HDD research; source synthesis, not a prototype reproduction or a modern SSD performance prediction.

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Hesela team. BORG block reorganization. Hesela. 2026-11-13. https://hesela.dev/terms/borg-block-reorganization/