kyber · shipping · also Kyber

Kyber I/O scheduler

Kyber is a Linux I/O scheduler that adjusts request-domain concurrency using measured latency and configured targets.

Related Observatory article: Kyber I/O scheduler on hesela.com

Mechanism: Device-wide tokens bound outstanding requests in each domain. In Linux v6.16, latency feedback changes domain depths, using device-I/O and total block-request latency distributions. A target is a control input, not a deadline for every request or an application latency guarantee. [1]

For requests handled by Kyber in v6.16, REQ_OP_WRITE selects the write domain regardless of the synchronous flag. Reserving request capacity for synchronous traffic is a separate mechanism. Neither classification establishes persistence after power loss. [1] [3]

Measurement scope: The v6.16 feedback loop uses histogram-bucket estimates of device-I/O p90 for congestion detection and total block-request p99 for depth adjustment. These populations are not application or fsync latency distributions. [1]

Relations

related
I/O scheduler, Linux blk-mq, Queue depth, Tail latency

Citations

  1. Linux v6.16: kyber-iosched.c, domain selection and latency feedback (accessed 2026-10-21)
  2. Linux 6.16: Kyber I/O scheduler tunables (accessed 2026-10-21)
  3. Linux 6.16: Explicit volatile write back cache control (accessed 2026-10-21)

Further reading

  1. Hesela: Sharing an SSD: who pays for the slowdown? (accessed 2026-10-21)
Sources & caveats
  • Scoped to Linux v6.16. The tunable documentation describes synchronous-write latency, whereas kyber_sched_domain classifies all REQ_OP_WRITE requests together. Implementation scope is stated explicitly. [2] [1]

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Hesela team. Kyber I/O scheduler. Hesela. 2026-10-21. https://hesela.dev/terms/kyber/