Storage glossary · JSON corpus · llms.txt · hesela.com

merkle-tree · shipping · also Hash tree

Merkle tree

A Merkle tree combines hashes of data and child nodes into a root so that selected entries or subtrees can be checked without transferring the entire data set.

Related Observatory article: Merkle tree on hesela.com

Dynamo's 2007 design uses per-key-range trees to locate divergent replicas. [1] For inclusion verification, use the intended trusted root and the construction's encoding, ordering and tree-shape rules. RFC 9162 specifies distinct leaf and internal-node prefixes and includes tree size and leaf index in proof verification; that is one construction, not a universal storage format. [2]

Relations

related
cryptographic-hash, hash-collision, checksum, end-to-end-data-protection

Limitations

Citations

  1. DeCandia et al. Dynamo: Amazon's Highly Available Key-value Store. SOSP 2007, section 4.7. (accessed 2026-10-12)
  2. RFC 9162: Certificate Transparency Version 2.0, sections 2.1 and 4.9-4.12 (accessed 2026-10-12)
  3. Hesela: Why a valid checksum can still return the wrong data (accessed 2026-10-12)

JSON: /data/terms/merkle-tree.json