directory-enumeration · shipping · also directory listing, directory traversal

Directory enumeration

Directory enumeration retrieves entries from a directory, while a recursive traversal combines such listings across a tree.

Related Observatory article: Directory enumeration on hesela.com

Capture scope: a sequence of live directory listings does not inherently identify one point-in-time tree state. In Python, os.walk and os.fwalk expose per-directory results; fwalk supplies a directory descriptor with a limited lifetime. [1]

Measured boundary: Hesela's ordered two-directory fixture retained one file but yielded zero or two successful reads when rename crossed the scan frontier. Descriptor-relative reads and unchanged root mtime/ctime did not prevent those outcomes. These local ext4/tmpfs controls are not a backup failure-rate estimate. [2]

Relations

related
inotify, Atomic rename, Inode, Storage snapshot, NFS READDIR cookie

Citations

  1. Python 3.12 documentation: os.walk and os.fwalk (accessed 2026-10-21)
  2. Hesela: a completed rescan can still miss a live file (accessed 2026-10-21)

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Hesela team. Directory enumeration. Hesela. 2026-10-21. https://hesela.dev/terms/directory-enumeration/