interlaced-magnetic-recording · research · also IMR

Interlaced magnetic recording

Interlaced magnetic recording alternates partially overlapping top and bottom tracks so that a bottom-track update can affect valid data on its two neighboring top tracks.

Related Observatory article: Interlaced magnetic recording on hesela.com

Top and bottom name overlapping track roles, not opposite platter surfaces. The studied layout permits a top-track update without the same neighbor-rewrite requirement. [1]

Preservation policy matters independently of the layout. IMRSim holds affected data in memory, whereas KVIMR describes an ordered backup-region and restore sequence. A count of neighboring tracks is therefore not a complete byte-write or durability contract. [3] [2]

The linked Hesela analysis separates disk reads from writes in six constructed examples. Its numbers are accounting results, not physical IMR observations or a reproduction of either system. [4]

Relations

related
Shingled magnetic recording (SMR), Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR), Hard disk drive (HDD), Write amplification, Hot/cold data separation

Limitations

  • The reviewed simulation and CMR-backed emulation do not establish the performance or power-loss behavior of a commercial IMR drive. [1, 2, 3]

Citations

  1. Wu et al. Data Management Design for Interlaced Magnetic Recording. HotStorage 2018, sections 1-3. (accessed 2026-10-21)
  2. Liang, Yang and Yang. KVIMR. USENIX ATC 2021, sections 3.3-3.4 and 4.1. (accessed 2026-10-21)
  3. Zeng et al. IMRSim. arXiv:2206.14368v1, sections 2.1 and 3. (accessed 2026-10-21)
  4. Hesela: Interlaced recording, preservation policy and byte accounting (accessed 2026-10-21)
Sources & caveats
  • Research-design record based on versioned papers. No contemporary product-availability survey, simulator execution, hardware measurement or crash-safety validation is claimed.

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Hesela team. Interlaced magnetic recording. Hesela. 2026-10-21. https://hesela.dev/terms/interlaced-magnetic-recording/