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QCOW2 backing chain

A QCOW2 backing chain is the sequence of image dependencies used to supply guest data not stored or explicitly zeroed in a higher image layer.

Resolution: backing filenames, formats and the effective virtual-machine configuration determine which images participate. Libvirt can detect a chain from image metadata or use explicit backing-store configuration. [2]

Measured distinction: replacing a raw base changed the inherited half of Hesela's four-cluster fixture while the top overlay hash stayed identical. Shortening the existing base made those inherited bytes read as zeros, while removing the base caused opening errors. These are different outcomes and should remain distinct in backup evidence. [3]

Recovery scope: preserving a chain and its content identities is separate from proving that the guest filesystem or application can recover. The fixture does not boot a VM or establish multi-disk consistency. [3]

Relations

related
QCOW2, Copy-on-write (storage), Backup verification, Restore test

Citations

  1. libvirt: disk image chains, backing formats and relocation (accessed 2026-10-18)
  2. Hesela: QCOW2 dependency and verification observations (accessed 2026-10-18)

Further reading

  1. QEMU 8.2.2: QCOW2 image file format, cluster mapping and zero clusters (accessed 2026-10-18)

JSON: /data/terms/qcow2-backing-chain.json

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Hesela team. QCOW2 backing chain. Hesela. 2026-10-18. https://hesela.dev/terms/qcow2-backing-chain/